Boiler



y 29, 1951 A. KAZLAUSKAS 2,554,861

BOILER Filed Feb. 23, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 N Q R May29, 1951 A. KAZLAU'SKAS ,86

' BOILER Filed Feb. 23, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 9, 1951 A. KAZLAUSKAS 2,554,861

BOILER Filed Feb. 23, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented May 29, 1951 BOILER Anthony Kazlauskas, Chicago, Ill.; Barney R. Pietkiewicz, administrator of said Anthony Kazlauskas, deceased,assignor, by mesne assignments, to Anthony Ziblis, Chicago, Ill.

Application February 23, 1946, Serial No. 649,572

My invention relates to boilers .and includes among its objects and advantages a procedure for remodeling boilers already in use to increase their capacity and efficiency, together with a material reduction in smoke nuisance and fly ash, in connection with hand or mechanical firing, as well as with all different types of fuel.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section on line l-| of Figure 2 of a three-pass steam generating unit according to the invention; 7

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same unit;

Figure 3 is a section on line 33 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a partial section on line 44 of Figure 1; I

Figure 5 is a side elevation of a breeching connection to the main stack, suitable for any one of the three embodiments of boiler herein disclosed;

Figure 6 is a plan view with the housing partly in section on line 66 of Figure '7 of a two-pass unit embodying a diiferent type of boiler;

Figure '7 is a longitudinal section on line 'l'! of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a transverse section on line 8--8 of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a side elevation partly in section of a sectional type boiler;

Figure 10 is a section on line Ill-l 0 of Figure 9; and

Figure 11 is a section on line I l-i I of Figure 9.

In the embodiment of the invention selected for illustration in Figures 1, 2 and 3 I haveindicated the boiler proper I0 of a conventional cylindrical fire tube type. Most such boilers at present in use are originally installed so that the products of combustion pass along under the shell and then make a single pass through the fire tubes. In the embodiment of Figure 1 the boiler Ill-is supported at one end by the pier l2. The firebox is under the other end of the boiler I0 and comprises the heavily insulated front wall l4 provided with the usual fire door l6 and ash door I8. I carry the weight of the boiler on an I beam packed in special insulation 22 to protect it from the heat of the fire. The grate at 24 and back wall 26 may be conventional and the products of combustion rise and bathe the outer surface of the boiler shell over the lower half thereof. They then pass rearwardly and around the pier l2 through the riser passage 28 defined by the wall 313 provided with at least one insulating fill at 32 and pass back through the fire tubes 34. From the fire tubes 34 they enter the front endbox 36 and then turn and pass back over the upper portion 3 Claims. (01. 122-4149) of the outer shell to the discharge passage From the discharge passage 38 they pass through the upper portion of the settling chamber 40 into the stack 42. Half in and half out of the wall 3!] Iprovide an evaporator 44 of a construction indicated in greater detail in Figure 8, comprising an open trough 46 communicating with a constant level chamber 48 controlled by the float 50.

One end of the trough 46 is inclined as indicated at 52 in Figure 8 and the housing is provided with a suitable clean-out door 54 so that sediment accumulating in the trough can be easily removed. 1 1

The vapors rising from the evaporator materially increase the deposit of fly ash accumulating in the chamber 40 and to this extent reduce contamination of the atmosphere. They also increase the moisture content and decrease the specific gravity of the gases passing up the stack, which materially contributes to the resistance of the rising gases against being swept down near the ground by a'down draft around the building.

As best indicated in Figures 1 and 3 the. added efficiency resulting from the longer path for the products of combustion is further enhanced by housing the first pass under the boiler inside walls including fire resistant material at 58 backed up by a layer of fill 60 of high insulating value and an outer wall structure 62, preferably reinforced by vertical metal straps 64 and cross braced at the top by tie rods 66.

The steam uptake 68, manhole 69, and safety valve H! may be conventional. I support the arch 12 for the third pass at its edges on riser wall portions 74 and both the risers and the arch I2 are backed up with insulation 16. The center is also supported by a partition 11 along most of its length. The top of the riser passage 28 is defined by a similar arch i8 and because the temperature of the gases inside the riser is much higher than those outside I improve the efiiciency by the additional insulation at on the arch as well as at 32 in the back wall.

The end box 36 may or may not include part of the structure of a previous chimney connection. It includes the large doors 82 so that convenient access may be had to the fire tubes for cleaning them. And smaller doors 84 and 86 are provided to permit cleaning out the third pass. Some fly ash will accumulate from the first pass under the boiler and more from the riser passage 28, but the bulk of the fine fly ash will come down in the chamber 40. I provide suitable doors 88 for access to all the places where ash needs to be removed at intervals. V

In erecting a unit according to Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, I set up a metal skeleton framework comprising the side beams 64 and tie rods 66 additionally braced by the angles 89, which afford attachment means for the doors 82, and by the angles 9|, which provide attachment means for the fire door I6 and, in the finished structure,

extend through the piers 93 on either side of the fire door.

The doors 82 and I6 are also mounted in place and fastened to the angles to increase the rigidity of the structure. After this structure is all assembled and braced in good alignment, the brickwork is built in around it. In this way, the main doors are always well aligned and firmly supported, and the structure as a whole develops a high degree of rigidity and durability. The smaller ash door, I8, and the clean-out doors 84 and 86, may be simply fastened on to the brickwork later.

The arch I6 ends in abutment with the end of the shell I8. Throughout the length of the shell, the side walls are brought up to the level of the center of the shell and cut off fiat at that level, as best indicated at 95 in Figure 4. This gives the gases in the third pass full access to the upper half of the shell. The additional heat thus delivered to the shell is advantageous, not only 'as an increase in the total heat input, but because the gases at this point are cool enough so that it is safe to let them contact the shell over areas where the inner surface of the shell is in contact with steam rather than water. Because a substantial portion of the heat delivered in the third pass is thus transmitted to the steam, it is possible, even at full load, to deliver steam that is thoroughly dry, or may even have a few degrees of superheat, Referring now to Figures 6, 7 and 8, I have illustrated a remodelled boiler of the type comprising a cylindrical fire tube box 98 and a firebox 92 defined by metal walls built into an integral structure with the cylindrical portion. In remodeling such a boiler the original firebox is retained, but the stack 94 is no longer connected direct to the discharge end of the fire tubes 96. Instead it is carried down to the floor and across along the fioor level under a horizontal partition 98. The passageway under the partition communicates with down-draft passages I on either side of the firebox, which passages are continued up to the top of the boiler and then back toward the stack as at I92 under the arched roof I94 covered with insulation I66, which roof is supported centrally on a low spacer wall I88 and at its edges on the new sidewalls including the firebrick III), the insulating fill H2, and the structural brick IIG, reinforced by straps H6 and braced by cross ties H8. The end chamber I20, which may include some of the structure of the old stack, is provided with an evaporator M generally identical to that of Figure 1 but in this instance a percentage of water vapor is added to the products of combustion at a slightly earlier stage in their history.

I also modify the firebox by providing side vents I22 on both sides. These vents are so positioned that whenever the equipment is under heavy load or when it is heavily fired to bring it up to load, as is usually done every morning in a plant used for domestic heating, fiames 'will pass through the openings I22 outwardly from the firebox proper where they mingle with the products of combustion. The gases which are thus mingled with fresh flame are themselves not actively burning at the time but they are still highly ionized because of the combustion that has just taken place in them, and further conditioned by the addition of a small but significant percentage of moisture from the evaporator 44. I have found that under the conditions of firing when an ordinary house-heating plant would ordinarily deliver objectionable amounts of smoke up the stack 94, these laterally leaking flame jets renew and the process of combustion in the gases with which they mingle and materially reduce the amount of smoke that finally reaches the stack 94. As clearly indicated in Figure '7, a substantial fraction of the gases coming to this point are drawn on down and pass out under the partition 98, but another substantial portion will eddy back above the partition 98 and go back to the chamber I26. Obviously the temperature increase and decreased specific gravity of that portion of the gases which is'reheated by the flames at I22 causes these portions to rise rather strongly and most of such hotter gases will work up enough to re-circulate, while the stack 94 draws a larger proportion of its flow of gas from the extreme endof the boiler in the position of the arrow I24 in Figure '7.

The steam uptake I26 and safety valve I28 and manhole I30 may be conventional, and suitable doors I32 are provided for removal of fiy ash. The recirculation of the products of combustion around the boiler is additionally influenced by having the partition 98 cut away as indicated at I34.

Referring now to Figures 9, l0 and 11. I have indicated a sectional water-leg boiler made of sections I33 of a conventional type. Such boilers, as originally installed, usually have an outlet at I35 which is connected directly to the stack. To remodel and increase the capacity of such a boiler, I' provide a housing that will secure substantially the same type of additional circulation and contact with the products of combustion as in the embodiment of Figures 6, '7 and 8. The new stack connection is moved back to the position indicated at I36 and draws from the floor passage I 38 below the partition I40 which is accessible through the door MI. The products of combustion originate centrally inside the boiler, as from fuel inserted through the door I42 with the ashes removable through door I44, or by means of a conventional oil burner, stoker or gas burner. They then leave the exit I35 and the supplemental openings I46 and enter the end box I38 from which they pass back over the top of the boiler at I58 and down along the sides of the boiler to exit through the floor passage I38. The steam uptake I52 and safety valve I54 may be conventional. I have indicated an additional economizer and submerged water heater in the form of a horizontal water chamber I56. The fresh water supply is through the pipe I58. The economizer I 55 which communicates with each of the individual sections through the side header I68 and lateral taps I62, and may be drained or flushed by means of pipe I63. To maintain thermal circulation through the economizer I connect the bottom of the economizer with one of the sections at a somewhat lower level as indicated by the piping I64. The economizer I55 not only secures an additional heating effect but also houses the heat transfer coil I66 which may receive cold water through a pipe I68 and deliver water sufficiently warm for household use through pipe I10 to a storage hot water tank or direct to the hot water pipes of the building. When the heat supply is such that steam is generated in the economizer, such steam passes through the pipe I59 and safety valve pipe, into the main steam space.

In both the embodiments illustrated in Figures 6. to 11 inclusive the exit passage along the floor under the partition 98 or I40 not only provides a chamber of relatively large cross-section where the spent gases can slow down and deposit fiy ash and the like, but it eliminates radiation and conduction losses downward to what would otherwise be a cold fioor below the boiler proper.

Referring now to Figure 5, I have indicated a main stack I12 and a breeching I14 connecting the same to the stack outlet 42 or 94 or I36. Because the products of combustion have been moistened by the evaporation, it is advantageous to have such a breeching enlarged into a receiving space I16 to receive deposits of suspended material. A large decrease in speed can be accomplished by making this chamber of relatively large volume, and the chamber may be provided with a convenient clean-out means, such as a detachable bottom H8. The breeching may also advantageously communicate with the stack over a large area, and the stack will have the usual open space, or chamber, below its connection with the breeching, provided with a cleanout door I80. In this way, two additional opportunities are afforded for the moistened spent gases to deposit entrained fly ash and soot.

Without further elaboration the foregoing will so fully explain my invention that others may adapt the same for use under varying conditions of service.

I claim:

1. A heating plant comprising: a fire-tube boiler and a fire box for said boiler at one end thereof; a smoke box at the discharge ends of the tubes of said boiler receiving the products of combustion from said tubes; insulating walls defining a chamber extending back over the entirety of said boiler and fire box and below said boiler and down on both sides of said fire box; a horizontal partition subdividing said chamber into upper passages guiding the products of combustion rearwardly along the sides of said boiler, a bottom exit passage under said partition, and downdraft passages on both sides of said fire box guiding the gases down from said upper passages to said exit passage; a stack for withdrawing the products of combustion from said exit passage; an evaporator in said smoke box for charging the products of combustion with a minor percentage of completely dry water vapor; the side walls of said fire box having lateral leakage openings in direct open communication with said downdraft passages, whereby, when the fire is light, the suction in said downdraft passages is insufficient to draw fresh fiames through said vents, but flames pour through freely under heavy loads when the pressure drop through the fire tubes is kept high.

2. A heating plant according to claim 1 in which said downdraft passages are of elongated cross section with the major dimension longitudinal of the boiler; and said openings are positioned only near the firebox ends of said downdraft passages.

3. A heating plant comprising: a boiler; a fire box arranged to burn fuel to deliver the products of combustion to said boiler; walls defining passages to receive the products of combustion leaving said boiler; said walls defining a draft passage; a stack connected to the end of said passage to withdraw the products of combustion; said draft passage including a depressed intermediate portion defining the lowest point or level to which the spent gases descend; an evaporator positioned in said draft passage remote from said depressed portion; said evaporator being positioned to be exposed to the sensible heat of the gases in said passage, as the sole source of heat to the evaporator; whereby said gases are moistened only slightly and as a function of their own sensible heat content and the moistening is dispersed throughout the moving body of gases before the gases reach said depressed portion, where they deposit fly ash in dry condition in said depressed portion; and cleanout means for removing the accumulated dry fly ash from said depressed portion.

ANTHONY KAZLAUSKAS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 270,424 Groesbeck Jan. 9, 1883 324,683 Groesbeck Aug. 18, 1885 411,249 Lapp Sept. 17, 1889 420,534 Drake Feb. 4, 1890 438,872 Wilson Oct. 21, 1890 608,435 Berg Aug. 2, 1898 721,329 Robinson Feb. 24, 1903 841,074 Colein Jan. 8, 1 907 1,064,477 Hatch June 10, 1913 1,135,842 Price Apr. 18, 1915 1,672,252 Garvey June 5, 1928 1,794,101 Brown Feb. 24, 1931 

